SOME, LIKE THE EXILED RUSSIAN aristocrat Boris Mouravieff and his latter day followers, have argued that The Fourth Way is really the esoteric part of the Eastern Orthodox church. As The Fourth Way is prehistoric in origin, there are of course certain similarities with teachings and religions which it predates. Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam (and their esoteric counterparts) all contain elements of Fourth Way perspective and practice but there the similarity ends. For a discussion of Mouravieff, see The Gurdjieff Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3 and Issue 4, "The Mouravieff 'Phenomenon.'" See also Taking With the Left Hand.